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Wednesday, August 20, 2008

Masyarakat Barat fobia angka 13

Bukan sahaja masyarakat Melayu mempunyai kepercayaan tentang perkara mistik. Masyarakat barat juga tidak terkecuali.

Pasti sahaja perasaan pelik dan hairan akan muncul apabila kita berhadapan dengan situasi di bawah ini :

Sebaik memasuki lif di sebuah bangunan tinggi dan ketika jari ingin menekan butang lif berkenaan, didapati terdapat nombor tingkat yang seolah-olah hilang pada aturannya.

Tingkat nombor 10 ada, nombor 11 ada, nombor 12 pun ada tetapi kemudian terus ke nombor 14. Ke mana menghilangnya tingkat bernombor 13?

Demikianlah keadaan di kebanyakan bangunan di Amerika Syarikat (AS) dan Kanada - bangunan tinggi di kota besar yang terletak di kedua-dua negara terbabit tidak memiliki tingkat bernombor 13.

Situasi tersebut amat menghairankan tetapi itulah satu fenomena pelik yang melanda kebanyakan masyarakat Barat atau mungkin ramai penduduk di seluruh dunia.

Mereka percaya bahawa angka 13 adalah angka yang membawa malang, angka yang disumpah dan 'berhantu' sehingga menyebabkan penggunaan angka berkenaan akan membawa malang atau maut kepada mereka yang menggunakannya.

Kajian terhadap fenomena pelik yang melanda manusia itu menyebabkan fobia terhadap angka 13 digelar 'Triskaidekaphobia' malah lebih pelik adalah wujud pula fobia terhadap hari Jumaat yang jatuhnya pada 13 hari bulan yang diklasifikasikan sebagai 'paraskavedekatriaphobia' atau 'friggatriskaidekaphobia'.

Kepercayaan masyarakat Barat kononnya angka 13 sebagai angka sick, disumpah dan berhantu dipercayai bermula daripada ajaran Kristian apabila Iblis iaitu ketua syaitan pada asalnya dianggap sebagai malaikat ke-13 tetapi ia digugurkan kerana menderhaka kepada Tuhan.

Selain itu, pada majlis 'Santapan Terakhir' yang dipercayai dalam doktrin agama Kristian, rakan yang mengkhianati Jesus iaitu Judas adalah lelaki yang ke-13 duduk di meja makan.

Ketika ahli sihir Rom purba menyeru kehadiran syaitan pula, mereka akan berkumpul seramai 12 orang dan orang ke-13 yang hadir pada upacara itu adalah jelmaan syaitan.

Sesetengah penyelidik beranggapan bahawa fobia terhadap angka itu berasal daripada kepercayaan tahyul manusia pada zaman kuno. Manusia pada zaman itu dikatakan mengira sehingga nombor 12 atau sedozen dan angka selepas itu iaitu dikatakan mewakili unsur ghaib.

Masyarakat Barat mengira angka yang diberi nama sehingga angka terakhir adalah 12 atau 'twelve' dan angka seterusnya iaitu bermula angka 13, dimulai dengan gabungan angka iaitu 'thirdteen', 'fourteen' dan seterusnya. Kiraan bulan dalam setahun juga sehingga bulan ke-12 dan tidak ada bulan ke-13.

Selain itu, kepercayaan terhadap sumpahan angka 13 turut berasal daripada pegangan kaum Vikings. Dikisahkan bahawa ketika 12 dewa Norse sedang mengadakan majlis makan malam, tiba-tiba datang Loki iaitu dewa yang tidak diundang ke majlis berkenaan.

Loki dianggap tetamu ke 13 pada majlis itu dan menjadi perancang utama pembunuhan Baldr, dewa kegembiraan. Kematian Baldr menyebabkan seluruh dunia menjadi gelap dan hari itu tidak lagi disinari kegembiraan atau dengan kata lain adalah hari itu sick dan malang.

Menerusi kisah berkenaan jugalah wujudlah kepercayaan tahyul kononnya apabila 13 orang berkumpul, maka seorang daripada mereka akan mati.

Fobia itu diperkuatkan lagi dengan beberapa kejadian aneh yang berlaku membabitkan angka 13 terutama membabitkan hari Jumaat yang jatuh pada tarikh hari itu.

Penahanan dan pembunuhan pasukan Knights Templar dalam perang salib berlaku pada hari Jumaat, 13 Oktober 1307.

Pada Jumaat 13 Oktober 1066 juga menjadi hari terakhir pemerintahan King Saxon Harold II sebelum dia dibunuh Duke of Normandy, William.

Ekspedisi ke bulan menggunakan pesawat Apollo 13 dianggap gagal kerana ia menyandang nombor 13 malah diterbangkan pada jam 13:13 EST pada 11 April 1970. Seorang lelaki iaitu Arnold Schoenberg yang menderita triskaidekafobia didapati lahir dan meninggal pada tanggal 13 hari bulan.

Disebabkan berlakunya pelbagai kejadian aneh itu menyebabkan semakin ramai percaya bahawa 13 adalah angka yang disumpah dan berhantu manakala hari Jumaat yang jatuh pada 13 hari bulan dianggap hari yang sick oleh penganut Kristian termasuk masyarakat British, Jerman, Polish, Bulgaria dan Portugis.

Malah, fobia terhadap angka berkenaan tidak saja melanda orang bawahan tetapi pengarah syarikat dan kalangan intelektual.

Akibatnya ada pengusaha syarikat penerbangan yang tidak menyediakan kerusi penumpang bernombor 13, syarikat pembinaan yang tidak membina bangunan yang memiliki tingkat 13, pintu ke-13 atau premis bernombor 13.

Dalam perlumbaan Formula One dan banyak perlumbaan lain, tiada kenderaan yang membawa nombor 13 malah syarikat program komputer, Microsoft digembar-gembur kononnya melangkau versi produk Microsoft Office ke 13 mereka disebabkan fobia berkenan.

Daripada Microsoft Office 12, mereka dijangka akan terus mengeluarkan Microsoft Office 14.

Institut Fobia dan Pengurusan Tekanan AS di Utara Carolina menyatakan bahawa pelbagai industri di negara itu kerugian antara AS$800 hingga AS$900 juta pada hari Jumaat yang jatuh pada 13 hari bulan berikutan ramai penduduk enggan menaiki penerbangan atau keluar rumah pada hari itu.

Justeru, benarkah angka 13 adalah angka yang sick, disumpah atau berhantu? Persoalan itu saya ajukan kepada seorang rakan yang kerap menggunakan angka 13 dalam kehidupannya.

Jersi sukannya bernombor 13, nombor telefonnya juga memiliki angka 13 dan banyak lagi kaitan nombor itu dengannya.

Jawapan yang diberikan oleh rakan saya itu adalah: "Tak ada apa-apa yang berlaku pun...'"

sumber: www.wikipedia.com, www.nationalgeographic.com, www.crystalinks.com

INFO: Fobia terhadap angka

• Selain angka 13, ada masyarakat China, Jepun dan Korea yang fobia terhadap angka empat kerana dalam bahasa Mandarin atau bahasa Tionghua, sebutan 'empat' dan 'mati' adalah sama.

Sebilangan pihak masih memutarbelitkan fakta ini dengan menyebut bahawa angka '4' disebabkan dari angka 13 yang dicampur iaitu '1+3 = 4'.

• Dalam budaya masyarakat Itali, angka 17 dianggap sick atau disumpah. Angka roman 17 atau XVII boleh ditukar kepada VIXI yang bermaksud 'saya pernah hidup' dalam bahasa latin atau maksudnya 'sekarang saya sudah mati'.

• Di Sepanyol, 13 turut dianggap angka yang sick tetapi bukan pada hari Jumaat. dalam kepercayaan mereka, hari Selasa yang jatuh pada 13 hari bulan dianggap hari yang sick atau disumpah.

133 comments:

MIddkA1 said...

Salam. Jika teliti nombor 13 ni merupakan angka yg baek. Pernahkah kita perasan angka 13 pernah digunakan dalam perang Badar. Pejuang Muslim ketika itu cuma berjumlah seramai 313 org. Manakala tentera Musyrikin hampir berjumlah 1000 org.

Sememangnya masyarakat kafir, tidak gemar dgn angka 3,7,13,17. Sebaliknya menjadi kebiasaan bg mereka yg beragama Islam.

Unknown said...

Sebenarnya memang xde apa2 pun. Saya sendiri lahir 13 September. Ok je..

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